Let's take a whistle-stop tour of the evolution of social media. You can also check out this helpful "infographic" history of social media timeline on this very subject by Avalaunch. Why is social media so popular? Human beings are social creatures, we thrive on, and in fact need, social interactions to maintain a healthy life and mind. Social media taps into these primal needs of human beings and it should come as no surprise that social media sites and social media apps are so popular today. But there is more to them than that. Social media sites/apps offer users some valuable opportunities. Other networks like Twitter have become a valuable way to get fast and real-time news on a situation. Often this information can be seen 'raw' without any traditional media bias or opinion mixed in. With the rise in popularity of early social media sites, it was only a matter of time before business took notice of the growing trend.
Savvy entrepreneurs quickly jumped on the wagon to promote themselves and products eventually evolving into the mass social media marketing industry we are all familiar with today. Businesses and private individuals have seen the importance and reach social media has. Some have even managed to use it to make a pretty decent living. What is social media exactly? But is this an accurate definition? It can be argued that social media is nothing new, in fact, it is as old as long distance communication itself. Yes, it has moved online and become far more rapid and sophisticated over the last few decades, but what is the difference really? Facebook et al are simply natural progressions on an age-old media. So without further ado, let get stuck in the history of social media. Communication across great distances has been accomplished since antiquity through media like the written word. This technology finally offered a "faster than horse" method of communication over long distances and was revolutionary at the time.
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There were, of course, other methods like smoke signaling or pyres but their utility was limited to line of sight. 1865 saw the development of pneumatic post, which you might still see in banks and supermarkets. This allowed for an even greater speed of communication - but over a shorter distance. When the telephone and radio hit the scene in the 1800s everything changed. With their ability to provide, more or less, instant communication, the world would never go back. They both remain very important methods of social media to this very day. The technological explosion as seen in computing after the 1940's paved the way for the social media world we see today. The internet, as we know it, was not too far behind. The 1970s saw further refinement and development in sophistication with 1979 seeing the advent of UserNet which allowed people to communicate through a virtual newsletter, articles or posts to newsgroups.
This decade saw the introduction of home computers with social media, that we would recognize today, developing soon after. Usenet systems were the brainchild of Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis. 1985 saw the introduction of The Well and GENie. GENie (General Electric Network for Information Exchange) was an online service created for GE. This was a critical moment in the history of social media in business and in general and, believe it or not, it was still used well into the late 1990s. It even had 350,000 users at its peak. It was later made redundant by the World Wide Web. Listserv (the original not the modern top ten site) made its debut in 1986. This was, in effect, a mailing list to allow users to contact multiple users in one email which is commonplace today but revolutionary at the time. Internet Relay Chats (IRC's) first appeared in 1988 and were still in use well into the 1990s. They were used for file sharing, link sharing and generally keeping in touch.
This enabled users to upload profile pictures and connect with others.
1994 saw the introduction of The Palace. It allowed users to interact with one another on a graphical chat room server, which they termed palaces. Each user would have their own graphical avatar overlaid on a graphical backdrop. It is still in operation in one form or another if you want to try it out. This enabled users to upload profile pictures and connect with others. Six degrees also let users make friends with each other and expand their social groups. 125 million and later shut down in 2001 and brought back a few years later. Users were able to send messages, post bulletin board items to others in first, second and third degree connections - hence the name. It was initially formed as an email group it began life passing around petitions opposed to the impeachment of Bill Clinton. It later went on to promote general internet activism inclusive of opposing US military actions and supporting democratic candidates in the U.S. Whatever your political views and criticisms of the site's motives, it was a forerunner of the plethora of similar social media campaigns all across the political spectrum seen today.
It encouraged users to follow each other and create groups that also interact with one another.
Just before the turn of the Millenium, the first blogging sites started to become popular, a media still very popular today. LiveJournal, for example, was founded in 1999. This is a social network built around constantly updating blog posts. It encouraged users to follow each other and create groups that also interact with one another. In 2000, LunarStorm was launched. This would prove to be a strategy that would become increasingly important as the decade progressed. It was aimed at teenagers and developed in Sweden. The mighty Wikipedia, whether you love it or loathe it, was launched in 2001. Its impact on the internet cannot be underestimated - even if the validity of its content can be questionable. Its founding aim was to provide an online encyclopedia that allowed anyone to edit articles. It should not surprise you that it is the world's most popular general reference site on the web.
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It is a not for profit entity and, despite its critics, is generally well loved. Wikipedia does not consider themselves social media per se, but it can be described as an online community of like-minded people and affiliated with social media. Friendster emerged in 2002. This Malaysian-built platform, now defunct, was initially used as a social networking service website. It was used for all the usual things but also as a dating site and event, band and hobby discovery service. It introduced social gaming in 2011. Friendster closed its doors in 2015 after a lack of engagement from its members and "the evolving landscape in our challenging industry". LastFM made its debut in 2002. It was one of the first online music databases and online radio streaming that have become the norm today. 2003 saw the emergence of LinkedIn. Its unique selling point is obvious to anyone who uses it. Its devotion to social media for business has enabled its steady growth into one of the most popular social media sites in the world. 2003 also saw the launch of MySpace and it quickly became "the" social media site at the time.
You could completely customize your profile but also you could embed music and videos. An important moment in the history of social media and pretty revolutionary at the time. WordPress was also launched this year, opening up blogging to most people, it now powers many websites. SecondLife also launched in 2003. This is one of the forerunners to today's massively multiplayer online role-playing games. 2004 saw many more services launched including the Harvard version of Facebook. Care2, Multiply, Ning, Orkut, Mixi, Piczo and Hyves also launched. YouTube first appeared in 2005 which opened an entirely new method of communication. The ability to create and share media over very long distances was such a game changer that it has become something of a behemoth ever since. Other notable launches this year included Yahoo! 360, Bebo and the "mighty" Reddit. Social media was started to find its legs. 2006 saw the advent of 'proper' Facebook.
It remains one of the most popular social media networks on the internet, and by extension, the world. Facebook has had staggering growth since 2006 and it is now one of the most visited site on the web. Twitter also, launched in 2006 and has attained an almost "cult-like" status since inception. Its ability to allow users to interact directly with celebrities was almost unheard of previously. Tumblr and FriendFeed joined the party in 2007. Tumblr has grown in popularity with its microblogging and social networking features. To date, it has over 350 million blogs alone, wow. Around this time businesses really started to take notice of social media. Especially its power for advertising. Businesses started to open accounts and have links to them on their websites and other media. Spotify, Ping, Groupon, and Kontain appeared in 2008 continuing the exploitation of niches within the growing market. Location-based social media began to take hold in 2009 with the launch of Foursquare. It was one of the first to introduce "check-in" locations around the world. 2010 saw the birth of Instagram, Pinterest, and Google Buzz. The former two have grown in popularity and are giants in their own right today.
2011 as a fully fledged social networking tool. Users were able to form group contacts into "circles" and chat via video "hangouts". It has recently been announced that the platform is discontinued. With the great 'speciation' of social media since the 2000s, a method of unifying their unique features together was fast becoming a necessity. Pheed took advantage of this and launched its service. Pheed allowed you share text, photo, audio, voice notes, video and live broadcasts in the same space. A strategy since copied by many of its forerunners. Social media was also beginning to drive a lust for quick rapid-fire updates and information. Vine, as you are probably aware, lets you share 6-second videos for no other reason than you just can. Today, there is an eye-boggling variety of social media network sites, many of which allow for sharing between each other. As you are all aware, this has enabled this media to allow maximum exposure for users without sacrificing interpersonal communication.
It's actually pretty amazing. Businesses and individuals could not imagine a world without it, such has been its infiltration in our lives. It has changed our world, for better or good, and is set to make traditional media, like printed newspapers, extinct. Who can tell what will happen over the next few decades for social media? Will it even exist in ten, twenty or more years? We can never know for sure but given societies rapid uptake of the medium so far it clearly meets a need we all have. We are social creatures after all and any form of media that makes meeting and talking with others with ease is likely to still exist in some form or other in the future. Despite this apparent benefit, we have all seen the 'dark side' of social media over the last few years. Especially its potential for being hijacked for political (from all positions) and other nefarious means of control.
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It defines the good of society as the sum of the goods of individuals in society. Third, we might have a set of moral-structural theories in mind: fairness, equality, democracy, self-determination. And we might define progress as a reform of institutions that increases one or more of these features of society. We might be thinking here along the lines that Rawls suggests in talking about imperfect justice; improving society means reforming unjust institutions and practices. Or it means reforming institutions that unnecessarily interfere with citizens' freedoms. Or it means reducing the ways in which institutions treat citizens unequally. This differs from the standard-of-living definition, in that it looks at the characteristics that need to be addressed as relational and systemic characteristics, not simply aggregates of the wellbeing of the individual members of society. A society is better when it is more just or more free. Fourth, we might have in mind the important point that social institutions and practices work in very specific ways and have differential effects on different groups of people in society.
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So we might have in mind the idea of improving the workings of the basic institutions of society -- improve their effectiveness and efficiency, or improve their equity in terms of their effects on different groups. Fifth, we might try to locate "social progress" entirely in terms of the wishes and preferences of the members of society. This is a liberal and democratic definition of social wellbeing: the wellbeing of society, and what counts as an improvement in social wellbeing, is entirely specified once we know what the citizens prefer. So on this approach we might say that "social progress" is entirely procedural: a set of changes represent progress just in case they were arrived at through a fair and equal process of collective decision making. An important issue that arises in thinking about social progress is the question of myopia and design. Think of the analogy with the evolution of species: natural selection is a myopic process in which each change is fitness-improving, but there is no longterm plan for what the species will eventually look like.
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Coming up with a better bicycle, on the other hand, is usually the result of a far-sighted design process, in which the architecture of the bicycle is reconceived so as to achieve certain design goals. The thing about a myopic process of improvement is that it is possible to get trapped in a local maximum, unable to take one step back in order to achieve a higher nearby equilibrium. So piecemeal and gradual reform on several fronts may be the best we can do. Generically the concept of reform fits into these ideas very tightly. Reforms are intended to improve the social situation in one way or another; and the cumulative effect of an extended series of reforms may be a significant enhancement in equity, democracy, equality, and quality of life. But two things are usually true: first, reforms are generally selective and partial; and second, the cumulative effects of an extended series of reforms may lead to outcomes that were never anticipated. The image above is drawn from a manual on forestry management in Karnataka, India (link). It depicts a sequence of social systems of land use governing farm land, cattle husbandry, and forests.
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Even Google says it’s having a hard time monetizing social networks, why? The use case is completely different. Members aren’t hunting for information like they do on a search, instead they are communicating with each other, and self-expressing. As a result, I spoke with CIO magazine and share with them our thoughts on the future of these many products. Consolidation will happen, and many will be irrelevant. Tribe, or waay back and eCircles? Nothing is new, as communities form, marketers will move in, and in some cases bastardize the experience and the hip, cool, influencers will leave to the next network. In many cases (I’ve seen reports of up to one-third) of users submit inaccurate information on their profile. As a result, marketing efforts will not be aimed at the right audiences, members continuing to be an elusive target. For many marketers who want to deploy a campaign on a social network, access to server metrics isn’t always available. As a result, they have to often visually monitor the interaction on the site, or measure click throughs to their site. In some of the more sophisticated platforms, a crude dashboard is provided.
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Child stalkers in MySpace continues to be a problem, and in some cases, masking oneself as someone else is easy, and to readily fool others. As a result, one young teen committed suicide from the deception, rejection, and embarrasment from a peer’s mother. The great hoopla and community push back from the recent Beacon experiment, launching of newsfeeds, and social networks sharing too much information with third party widget developers puts members at risk, and visibly makes them uncomfortable. According to this NYT article, leaving Facebook is difficult, there are hooks, saved accounts, and ways to continue to reconnect to the site, even after you’ve left. Plateau or Social Network Fatigue? I’m starting to see some reports from sources that suggest that the usage of social networks are slowing down, if not reducing perhaps it’s from the endless tasks that occur, or the shinyness has rubbed off. Facebook and Twitter (yes a social network too) are suffering from scaling issues, as a result, their sites have a great deal of downtime or latency. The complicated applications will only increase in intricacy as more users are added.
Does the social world supervene upon facts about individuals and the physical environment of action? Brian Epstein argues not in several places, most notably in "Ontological Individualism Reconsidered" (2009; link). The core of his argument is the idea that there are other factors influencing social facts besides facts about individuals. Social facts then fail to supervene in the strict sense: they depend on facts other than facts about individuals. There are indeed differences at the level of the social that do not correspond to a difference in the facts at the level of the individual. But ontological individualism is a stronger thesis than this, and on any plausible interpretation, it is false. The reason is not that social properties are determined by something other than physical properties of the world. Instead it is that social properties are often determined by physical ones that cannot plausibly be taken to be individualistic properties of persons.
Topic title: A Chronological History Of Social Media
Topic covered: social media def, social media tools for business, social network pages, top 10 social websites, what is social media
